Though it may come as a surprise to many veteran fans of Chrono Trigger, there are actual quite a few fundamental differences between the American and Japanese versions of the game. This page represents a pretty complete list of these differences that exist between the two main releases of this classic RPG.
This list was originally from a post on GameFAQs which no longer exists and is courtesy of Naerylan.
CHARACTERS
Alfador: same.
Belthsar: Gassh
Crono: same. (should be 'Chrono' though.)
Chrono's Mom: Jina
Cyrus: same.
Dalton: same.
Doan: Don
Doreen: Doreen/Drean (obviously a pun on 'dream')
Fiona: same.
Flea: Mayone
Fritz: same.
Frog: same.
Gaspar: Hassh/Hirsh/Hersh
Gato: Gonzales
Glenn: Glen/Glenn
Heckran: Hekeran
Janus: Jacky (or Jakki, which is a pun on 'evil aura', for the fact that Jacky will become the King of Demons.)
Jhonny: same.
Kino: more or less the same.
Lara: same.
Leene: same. (pronounced lee-nay)
Lucca: Lucca/Lukka
Magus: Maou (Demon King)
Marco: same.
Marle: Marl
Masa: Grand
Melchior: Bosch
Mune: Leon
Nadia: Marldia/Mardia
Ozzie: Binegar
Prophet: same.
Schala: Sara
Slash: Soyso
Taban: same.
Queen Zeal: same.
PLACE NAMES
Dactyl Nest: Pteron's Nest
Forest Maze: Lost Woods
Ioka Village: same
Laruba Village: same.
Mystic Mountains: Mystic/Mysterious Mountain
Reptite Lair: Dinosaur People's Hideout
Blackbird: same.
Earthbound Village: Village of the People of Earth
Enhasa: same.
Kajar: same.
Land Bridge: Way to the Earth/Way to the Ground/Road to the Earth/Road to the Ground
Last Refuge: Remaining Village
Magic Kingdom: same
Mountain of Woe: Mountain of Grief/Mountain of Woe
Ocean Palace: Ocean Floor Temple
Sky Bridge: Way to the Sky/Way to the Heavens/Road to the Sky/Road to the Heavens
Tyrano Lair: Tyran Castle
Zeal: Jiiru (note: You could call it Zeal, as the syllable 'zi' is supplemented with 'ji'.)
Cafe: Pub
Cathedral: Manoria Abbey
Choras: same.
Denadoro Mtns.: Denadoro Mountain
Dorino: Sandorino
Fiona's Villa: Fiona's Hut
Forest Ruins: North Forest Ruins
Giant's Claw: same.
Guardia Forest: same.
Guardia Kingdom: same
Leene Square: Leene Plaza/Square
Magic Cave: Demon Cave *could be Magic, though, but I highly doubt it for this case*
Magus's Castle: (Maou's Castle) same
Medina Village: same (also reffered to as the village of Demons)
Melchior's Hut: Bosch's Hut
Northern Ruins: same.
Ozzie's Fort: Ozzie's Mansion
Porre: Parepori
Snail Stop: Snail Resturant
Sunken Desert: Subterranian Desert
Tata's House: same.
Truce: same
Truce Canyon: Truce Hill
Bangor Dome: Bango Dome
Trann Dome: *technically, it could be the same, but I think it's Toran Dome.*
Arris Dome: same.
Proto Dome: same.
Lab 16: Ruins #16
Lab 32: Ruins #32
Sewer Access: Sewers
Keeper's Dome: Guardian's Dome
Death Peak: Death Mountain *you could call it peak, though*
Factory Ruins: same.
Geno Dome: Genocide Dome
Sun Palace: Sungod Palace/ Sun Temple (not sure which it is SUPPOSED to be, but knowing CT, it's probably supposed to be both...)
Sunkeep: Shrine of Light
OTHER
Guru of Life: Sage of Life
Guru of Reason: Sage of Reason/Logic
Guru of Time: Sage of Time
Mammon Machine: God of Magic-something (Magamibu)
Mystics: (Mazoku) Demon Race/tribe
Reptites: Dinosaur People/Dinosaur Men
Nu: Nwu (note: I don't think it's humanly possible to pronounce in a single syllable.)
Imp/Jarii riding the Octoblush/cave chaos seen only in one of the endings: Jarii Bows
WEAPONS
Mop: same.
Wood Sword: same.
Iron Blade: bronze katana
Steel Saber: steel katana
Lode Sword: White Mountain
Bolt Sword: Thunderclap Sword
Red Katana: crimson sword
Dark Sabre: Katana of Darkness
Flint Edge: mammoth sword
Slasher: Soyso/Slash katana (note: there's no particle 'no' in there, so it's simply Soyso Katana, and not Soyso's katana)
Aeon Blade: sword of ancient times
Demon Edge: demon killer katana
Alloy Blade: mixture/alloy sword
Star Sword: sword of the sky/heaven king (tenou)
Vedic Blade: yasha
Swallow: swallow (the butterfly)
Kali Blade: Ogre Zero
Slasher 2: Soyso katana 2
Shiva Edge: Suzaku
Rainbow: same.
Bronze Bow: bronze bowgun
Iron Bow: iron bowgun
Lode Bow: Pearl Bow (as in the color, not the stone)
Robin Bow: same.
Sage Bow: Shaman Bow
Dream Bow: Dreamstone bow
Comet Arrow: same.
Sonic Arrow: same.
Siren: same.
Valkyrie: same.
Air Gun: same.
Dart Gun: pea shooter
Auto Gun: one-handed gun
Plasma Gun: same.
Pico Magnum: same.
Ruby Gun: same.
Dream Gun: Dreamstone gun
Graedus: Graditi
Megablast: megablaster
Shockwave: more or less the same.
Wonder Shot: miracle shot
Tin Arm: *can't translate, but it certainly isn't tin*
Hammer Arm: same.
Mirage Hand: same.
Stone Arm: same.
Doom Finger: death finger
Magma Hand: same.
Megaton Arm: same.
Big Hand: same.
Kaiser Arm: same.
Giga Arm: giga power arm
Terra Arm: terra power arm (as in number, like a terrabyte, not terra as in earth.)
Crisis Arm: same.
Bronze Edge: bronze sword
Iron Sword: same.
Masamune: Grandleon
Flash Blade: shine sword
Pearl Edge: evil slayer
Rune Blade: same.
Demon Hit: demon killer
Brave Sword: same.
Masamune: Grandleon
Fist: same.
Iron Fist: same.
Bronze Fist: Copper Fist
Dark Scythe: dark scythe/scythe of dark nights
Hurricane: killer hurricane
Star Scythe: scythe of the dark king (meiou)
Doom Sickle: scythe of despair/hopelessness
ARMOR
Aeon Suit: eternal suit
Black Armor: black plate
Black Vest: same.
Blue Armor: blue plate
Blue Vest: same.
Bronze Mail: bronze armor
Dark Mail: same.
Flash Mail: shine plate
Gloom Cape: mantle of despair/hopelessness
Gold Suit: same.
Hide Tunic: leather clothing
Iron Suit: same.
Karate Gi: martial arts gi
Lode Vest: platina vest
Lumina Robe: robe of light
Maiden Suit: lady suit
Meso Mail: tricera plate
Mist Robe: same.
Moon Armor: moonlight armor
Nova Armor: same.
Prism Dress: same.
Raven Armor: jet black armor
Red Armor: red plate
Red Vest: same.
Ruby Armor: ruby armor
Ruby Vest: same.
Taban Suit: Taban suit
Taban Vest: same.
Titanium Vest: same.
White Armor: white plate
White Vest: same.
Zodiac Cape: stardust cape
HEADWEAR
Aeon Helm: eternity helm
Beret: Parepori Beret (Porre beret)
Bronze Helm: same.
Ceratopper: tricera helmet
Dark Helm: same.
Doom Helm: death helm
Haste Helm: same.
Hide Cap: leather hat
Iron Helm: same.
Gloom Helm: helm of despair/hopelessness
Glow Helm: shine helm
Gold Helm: same.
Lode Helm: platinum helm
Memory Cap: More or less the same.
Mermaid Cap: mermaid helm
Ozzie Pants: Binegar pants
Prism Helm: same.
Rainbow Helm: same.
Rock Helm: stone helm
Safe Helm: protect helm
Sight Cap: same.
Taban Helm: Taban helm
Time Hat: same.
Vigil Hat: protection hat
ACCESSORIES
Amulet: Sara's amulet
Bandana: same.
Berserker: berserk ring
Charm Top: charm bra
Dash Ring: speed ring
Defender: protector
Flea Vest: Mayone's bra
Frenzy Band: fury bangle
Gold Earring: same.
Gold Stud: gold pierce
Green Dream: same.
Hero Medal: same.
Hit Ring: same.
Magic Ring: same.
Magic Scarf: same.
Magic Seal: same.
Muscle Ring: same.
Prism Specs: rainbow glasses
Power Glove: same.
Power Ring: same.
Power Scarf: power muffler
Power Seal: same.
Rage Band: anger bangle
Relic: Accessory
Ribbon: same.
Seraph Song: Angel's Whisper
Sight Scope: search scope
Silver Earring: same.
Silver Stud: silver pierce
Speed Belt: same.
Sun Shades: solar glasses
Third Eye: same.
Wallet: same.
Wall Ring: barrier ring
Items
Tonic: potion
Mid Tonic: mid potion
High Tonic: high potion
Ether: same
Mid Ether: same
High Ether: same
Hyper Ether: super ether
Elixer: same
Megaelixer: last elixer
Heal: panacea
Revive: Athena's Water
Shelter: same.
Lapis: same.
Barrier: barrier ball
Shield: protect ball
Power Meal: Special/Deluxe Lunchbox
Event Items
Bike Key: same.
Chrono Trigger: same.
Clone: Doppleganger
Dreamstone: same.
Fang: same.
Feather: same.
Gate Key: Gate Holder
Horn: same.
Jerky: Hyper Jerky
Moonstone: Darkness Stone
Pendant: same.
Petal: same.
Prism Shard: Rainbow(colored) fragment
Race Log: Recorder
Ruby Knife: red knife
Seed: same.
Sunstone: Solar Stone
Toma's Pop: Toma's Sake
Tools: Carpenter Tools
Yakra's Key: same.
MAGUS
Geyser: Hell Geyser
Fire2: Firega
Ice2: Icega
Lightning2: Thunderga
Magic Barrier: same.
Dark Bomb: same.
Dark Mist: same.
Black Hole: same.
Dark Matter: same.
OTHER
10000 Hz- 10000 Hertz
Absorb- Aspil
Amplifier- same
Attack, Attack, Attack: (Could be translated either as thrust thrust or stab stab.)
Azala Break- same
Blizzard- Confusing Blizzard
Buuuuurrrrrp- fart
Chaotic Zone- same
Crimson Rain- Blood Shower
Dark Gear- same
Dark Plasma- same
Destruction Zone- Destruction Space(i.e. more or less the same)
Doom, Doom, Doom- Death, Death, Death
Double Handblaster- same
Gaia Magnade- same
Har har har ye- Crescent Moon something-wave (engetsusappou)
Hexagon Mist- same
Iron Orb- same
Life Shaver- same
Lock- same
Lock All- same
MP Buster- same
Mutant Gas- same
Psychokinesis- same
Rainbow Storm: same.
Quicksand- Sand Cyclone
Sand Breath-same
Shining Bit- same
Skygate- Heaven Gate
Steel Steam- same
Telepathy- same
The Drop- *can't translate*
Time Stop- same
Water Rise- same
Whirlpool- Nereides' Cyclone
Wind Waltz: same, although Waltz of the Wind sounds better.
Yes, Indeed!: Haaaa!
Lavos' Techs
Attack: Intersection/Cross Attack
Crying Heavens: more or less the same.
Destruction rains from the heavens: I could be wrong about this. I can't translate it completely on my own, but it looks like "______ rains from the heavens and brings/reduces everything/all to ruin
Dreamless: same.
Evil Emanation: Demon Release/ Demon Shot
Evil Star: Demon Star
Flame Battle: Flame Struggle/Struggle Flame
Freeze: Stop Energy/Freezing Energy
Invading Light: Evil Light
Laserbeams: Tearing Light
Obstacle: Evil Energy/Evil Aura
Protective Seal: more or less the same.
Rock: Giant Rock
Scare Voice: Evil Voice
Shadowslay: Shadow Kill
Spell: Cursed Voice
Teleport: same.
DOUBLE TECHS
Aura Whirl: Turning/Spinning Aura
Ice Sword: same.
Ice Sword2: Icega Sword
Fire Whirl: Blaze Wheel
Fire Sword: same.
Firesword 2: Firega Sword
Rocket Roll: High Speed Turn/Spin/ Acceleration turn/spin
Max Cyclone: Great Spinning Cut
Super Volt: Super Elec(tric)
X Strike: X Cut
Sword Stream: Sword/Blade Waterfall
Spire: Lightning Rod (obviously, shortened for space)
Drill Kick: same.
Volt Bite: Thundergod Thrust
Falcon Hit: same.
Antipode: Reaction
Antipode 2: Reaction2
Antipode 3: Reaction3
Aura Beam: same.
Ice Tackle: same.
Cure Touch: Curega Wind
Ice Water: same.
Glacier: same.
Double Cure: Double Curega
Twin Charm: Double Venus Flytrap
Ice Toss: Ice Trow
Cube Toss: Glacier Throw
Fire Punch: same.
Fire Tackle: same.
Double Bomb: same.
Red Pin: Red Needle
Line Bomb: same.
Frog Flare: same.
Flame Kick: same.
Fire Whirl: Flame Tornado
Blaze Kick: 3-Step Flame Kick
Blade Toss: Dive Throw Sword/ Diving Sword Throw
Bubble Snap: Bubble Press
Cure Wave: same.
Boogie: On Stage
Spin Kick: Great Spinning Kick
Beast Toss: Hell Throw
Slurp Kiss: Lick Kiss
Bubble Hit: Bubble Tackle
Drop Kick: Sitting Cross-Legged Drop Cut
TRIPLE TECHS
3D Attack: same.
Arc Impulse: same.
Bad Impulse: Bad/Evil Impulse
Dark Eternal: same.
Delta Force: Mix Delta
Delta Storm: same.
Final Kick: same.
Fire Zone: Flame Wheel
Gatling Kick: same.
Grand Dream: same.
Lifeline: Keep Araise
Omega Flare: same.
Poyozo Dance: same.
Spin Strike: same.
Triple Raid: Triple Attack
Twister: Big Tornado